Representation of Consonants

 

Each Consonant is represented by a single codepoint. Capitalization of consonants is not needed for the transliteration. However, a word processor may automatically capitalize certain words, such as for the first word of a sentence. Such capitalization should be ignored, and the equivalent small letter form of the character is assumed. Care has been taken in the selection of symbols such that the small letter form and the Capital letter form of the symbol are similar or have commonly recognized forms in the Latin script, such as R and r.

This transliteration does not use different symbols for the isolated, initial, medial and final forms of Arabic characters, except in a few cases such as the teh-marbūŧah or a rounded isolated teh, or a gol-heh. When reverse transliterating from the Latin script back to the original ƹarabic script, a priori knowledge of the appropriate form of the character to be used within a word is expected.

The rules for creating a keyboard mapping would be to use a single QWERTY symbol key on the keyboard for each consonant. Some symbols could require key combinations with the Alt, Control and Shift keys. Combinations of keys with the Control key alone should be avoided because these combinations are assigned to often used and common pre-defined Word processor shortcuts.

The table below lists the symbols and letters used for transliteration of Consonants. Words in parenthesis in the tables show some commonly used pronunciations of consonant names used in some Asian countries. As already mentioned, Ωalif and hamzah are treated as regular consonants similar to beh, mīm, etc.

 

 

Consonants

 

 

 

Notes:

Note a: An x with a dot above represents a Hamzah above a silent support character, or above a taŧwīl, or, above the final stroke (tail) of another consonant.

Note b: An x with a diaresis (i.e., 2 dots above) represents a Hamzah below a silent support character, or below a taŧwīl, or, below the ending stroke (tail) of another consonant.

Note c: For example, note the Ωalif 'Ω' as in Ωal qurΩân. Also note that أ (Ωalif-with-hamzah-above), and, إ (Ωalif-with-hamzah-below) use a special nomenclature described above, by using ẋ and ẍ.

Note d: For example, as in ǿĺ, the silent=Ωalif can be uses as part of a definite article, or as a support character for hamzah, or after certain compound vowels ending in a wāw or fat'ȟatan.

Note e: This symbol represents a redundant-Ωalif (which occurs in a few places in the Holy QurΩân text). It is often written as an Ωalif with a ring above. This redundant Ωalif must be skipped during reading. The book by Syed Barakat Ahmed (1985, 1999) lists the nine or so locations where this occurs in the qurΩân.

Note f: Can also be used in a negative participle "lā"

Note g: Can be used in a definite article.

Note h: A form of ȴām used in an imperative form of ȴā, i.e., "No" or "Do Not". This needs to be double checked as part of a peer review.

Note i: Can be used as a consonant or a directive

Note j: Can be used as a support character for hamzah

Note k: Can be a support character for hamzah. There is a special vowel symbol defined for a vowel that incorporates an Ωalif-maqšūrah.